Discharge lines from your basement waterproofing system to the outside of the home are the most volatile part of the whole system. This is mainly because it's outside of the home and very often is also dug back into the ground to hide them from view.
There are a few common things that happen to discharge lines that can cause them to malfunction and or to clog.
1.) The discharge line is run from the sump pump to an existing discharge pipe outside. This can cause problems because the existing pump that is being connected to might have a problem with it already. Flushing water through a pipe that's already clogged can cause back ups and cause your pump to be overwhelmed and fail. It's always best to have a whole new discharge route be installed rather then tying into something that already exists.
2.) Pipe freezing and bursting can be combated in a few different ways. Not only does the discharge line have to be pitched in order to fully remove water but also the line should have a bubbler pot at the end. This combination removes water from the line via gravity and allows the water at the end to be absorbed back into the ground rather than having it find its' way back into your line. The bubbler pot also has the added benefit of allowing water to escape through the top of it onto the surface if the soil is already fully saturated with moisture.
3.) Cracks in the discharge line can be caused by any number of things. Fence installation, tree roots, or extreme soil movement. Typically it's suggested to think in the big picture format while dealing with a discharge so to design it towards an area where it won't be disturbed. Sometimes this can't be avoided. Tree roots can be combated by smart design or root killer flushed through the lines (not suggested if your state has laws against this or your neighborhood has well water). Discharges lines can be wrapped in crushed stone in order to give the line extra padding and give for soil expansion and contraction. Worst-case scenario, if your line has a crack or is broken the line needs to be redone.
4.) Rodents and Dirt also can find its way into discharge lines. In such cases most lines and line design can be snaked out. This is a minimal cost solution and often helps to relieve many clogged discharge lines that already meet the correct standards of pitch and design location.
If you're unsure of your discharge line problem contact the people who installed it for you. Tests can be done to find out what's happening and solutions can be fixed. Make sure to keep up with your pump maintenance and to be a part of the design process. This will help you to protect yourself through the winter and spring months and to keep you prepared for heavy rain seasons.
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